文学の中のディリの町

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19世紀：Forbes

フォーブス ([@forbes-tribes] ) は 19世紀のディリの 様子を生き生きと描写する。¹ そこには様々な人々(see Stranger)が 群れていたのだ。

ティモールに到着した。

In the town of Dilly itself the traveller has a fine field for ethnological investigation; for he finds a singular crowd of nationalities other than European, rubbing shoulders with each other in its narrow limits. Tall, erect indigenes mingle with negroes from the Portuguese possessions of Mozambique and the coasts of Africa, most of thern there in the capacity of soldiers or condemned criminals; tall, lithe East Indians from Goa and its neighbotirhood; Chinese and Bugis of Macassar ² side by side with Arabs and Malays, men from Allor, Savu, Roti, and Flores. ++

【抄訳】ディリの町は民族学の絶好のフィールド だ。ヨーロッパ人以外のさまざまな国籍をもつ人々 がこの小さな町に肩を触れ合いながら生きている のだ。姿勢のいい、背の高い原住民がモザンビー クなどのアフリカ人と混じりあっている。アフリ カ人たちは軍隊か、さもなくば囚人である。ゴア から来たしなやかで背の高いインド人もいる。ブ ギスが、マカッサール人が、中国人、アラブ人、 マレー人、アロール、サヴ、ロティ、そしてフロー レス島からの人間と並んでいる。

++ Besides these he will be able to study a crowd almost defying the computation of the variations and combinations that have been rung by the commingling of these numerous races. It is interesting to study the character of each in their unconscious ways among each other. The Hindoo moves about with a superior bearing, and carries with him an unmistakable, unconscious, not offensive air of superiority; the non-dominating, provident, industrious, orderly-disposed Mongolian wends his way, obtaining, rather than asserting, in his quiet way, the next place, and is looked on with respect and good neighbourly consideration.++

無意識のうちにあらわれてくる、彼らの性格を見 ているのは楽しい。ヒンズーたちは堂々とした態 度で動きまわる。そこには紛れもなく優越感、無 意識だろうが、それほど不快ではない優越感があ ふれている。目立たず、慎重な中国人たちは次の 場所 ³を手に入れる。彼らは尊敬され、よき 隣人として取り扱われる。

う抽象的な「場所」かしらん。 それとも、具体的な「場所」（土地） を取っていく様子を描写しているのかしらん。

++ The sturdy Africano rollicks about, noisy (generally drunk), careless, improvident, disliked by the natives, who fraternise with none of these interlopers in their land, but keep themselves very much to themselves, lying about in small companies under the trees or on the shore, or moving about in their erect, somewhat sullen, and suspicious way. The Arab leads his secluded life among his own race, energetic, taking many hard cuffs with few words; while the Malays, semi- Malays, and trading peoples fraternise pretty freely with each other on the shore, and over the sides of their prahus,

頑強なアフリカ人たちははしゃぎ回り、たいてい の場合酔っ払っており、騒がしい。彼らは軽率で、 先の事をまったく考えていない。原住民は彼らを 嫌っている。さて、原住民たちはと言えば、彼ら はこれらの侵入者たちと混じろうとはしない。彼 らは彼らだけで集まり、木の下や海岸の日陰で小 さなグループをなしている。歩くときの様子は、 背筋をのばしているが、いささか不機嫌で、疑い 深い風だ。

20世紀初頭：Victory by Joseph Conrad

1915年に出版されたコンラッド (Joseph Conrad) の Victory で、 ディリの町は次のように描写されている：

One day Heyst turned up in Timor. Why in Timor, of all places in the world, no one knows. Well, he was mooning about Delli, that highly pestilential place, possibly in search of some undiscovered facts, when he came in the street upon Morrison, who, in his way, was also an ``enchanted'' man.

ある日、ヘイストはティモールに現れた。なんで また、よりによってティモールなのか、誰も知ら ない。彼はあの汚ならなしいディリの町をふらつ いていた。何かを探していたのかもしれない。そ うしてヘイストはモリソンに出会うこととなっっ たのだ。彼もまた魅せられた人間であった。

Victory の他の箇所で、 コンラッドはディリのことを the abominable town of Dilli （あの「忌まわしい町、ディリ」）と 呼んでいる。

1970年代：Crossing by Luis Cardoso

カルドソは、 ポルトガル時代末期のディリを 次のように描写する。 [@cardoso-crossing] p. 67--8

Dilli, by contrast, was a noisy city full of public works vehicles with iron trailers attached, trawling the periphery. They belonged to the company known as the Agricultural Society of Fatherland and Work and carried ululating Firakus ⁴ to the processing factory for the coffee brought from Ermera, land of the calades.⁵ ++

対照的にディリは騒がしい町だ。 騒々しいマカサエたちを乗せた 政府の農業公社の車が マンバイの土地、エルメラからコーヒーを 積んで工場に運んでいる。

mainly speaking mambae. (p. 153) (see Mambai)

Timor and a speaker of macassae. (p. 154) (see Makasai)

++ Above all, though, it was a city full of shops owned by Chinese traders, who slept out the siesta with their door open, and full of soldiers, who, having no war to fight, wandered the beaches and the tarmac streets, not knowing what to do with themselves. The Portuguese soldiers dressed in civvies [（軍服ではない）平服] to go t the city, like people making constant pilgrimages to Our Lady of Healing. As well they might, this far from the wars being waged in the other Portuguese colonies.++

++ The coast road ran from one side of the city to the other, from the white wrought-iron streetlamp near where the military and civil authorities had their residences, past the port of Dili that smelled of sandalwood from the crates waiting to be loaded onto ships, to Lecidere and the streetlamp in the shape of a [p. 67/68] white candle, near the bishop's official residence. It continued as a dirt road that crossed the Bidau bridge, where the so-called `local Portuguese' ⁶ was spoken, to the beach of Ariea Branca, refuge of clandestine lovers. Any woman seen coming back from there was deemed to be a fallen woman. And I would pretend to ignore the romantic faces of my female compatriots, who went from motorbike to motorbike, clinging to young Portuguese recruits --- who had doubtless left girlfriends behind them in Lisbon--- as if they were the last camels in the desert.

Dili was not a white city. Its glittering tin roofs scorched the air. In the late afternoon, it closed like a shining shell, and the evenings were sweet, with the island of Atauro hunched like a sentinel on the horizon.