ソンバイ

[[!tag _Hist-Port]]

かつてポルトガル人によって Servião (Serviao) と呼ばれていた。

19世紀のソンバイ

ハーゲルダルは、しばしば引用される Instrucções do Conde de Sarzedas （1811）から、次の箇所を引用する：

The island of Timor is populated by native inhabitants, with a distinction between the Bellos [ Belu ] and the Vaiquenos (Dawan-speaking Atoni], in opposition to each other. They constitute, so to say, two provinces and two nations. In the eastern part the Belu inhabit the province called Belu ... and in the western part the Vaiquenos ¹ inhabit the province called Servião. These two provinces are divided in kingdoms; Belu comprehends 46 more or less powerful ones, but all are free and independent among them, and have, according to lists drawn up in 1722--1725, 40,000 armed men, 3000 ... shotguns and the rest swords, cutlasses, assegais [投槍] and bows and arrows. The province of Servião has got 16 kingdoms, which all recognize as their superior Senobay [Sonbai] with the title of emperor [imperador], who is king of the Kingdom of Servião, form which the province has taken its name. This province has got 25,000 fighting men, 2,000 of whom were armed with shotguns and the rest with assegais, bows and arrows, swords and cutlasses. In that way, the whole island of Timor is divided into 62 kingdoms, besides the Kingdom of Kupang which is at the southern point of the island, where the Dutch have their fortress that ears the name Kupang. [...] Over the whole of the island is produced sandalwood, beeswax, cotton, tobacco, wooden containers, sea animals, kauri, rice, large corn, beans, corn, tamarinds, large cinnamon, coconuts, ginger, saffron, long pepper and salt. (Castro 1867: 185)

Sonbai の長は neno ana （天の息子）あるいは atupas と呼ばれる。しばしば Belu の称号である liurai が使用されることもある。 ([@hagerdal-lords_of_the_land] p.70)

Wehali の liurai としては、ソンバイは「男性」であり、ソンバイの領土の中では、彼は「女性」である。(p.70)

起源神話

天から

以下は [@hagerdal-lords_of_the_land] pp.70--71 より

最初の lord は lord of the heaven (Uis Neno) から出自している。

ウィハレから

20世紀の王家の中で伝えられている伝承がある。

Wehali の maromak oan に三人の兄弟がいた。長男が Nai Suri で Wehali の liurai の祖先である。次男が Nai Laban (あるいは Lai Dawan) であり、彼が現在の Sonbai の地に移動してきた。三男が Nai Taek であり、 Likusaen の liurai の祖先である。

Nai Laban から五代にわたるソンバイの系譜が、物語とともに語られる。

Stranger King

もちろん、さまざまなバージョンがある。しかし、どのバージョンもソンバイの祖先がクネ (Kune) の lord の娘と結婚して、のちにクネを併合する、という点では一致している。

Interestingly, the story here serves as the rationale for the peculiar position of the Kune family until the twentieth century. As the original lord of the land (pah tuaf), the chief of the Kune clan received a small part of the harvest from the lord of Sonbai or his regents until comparatively [p.75/6] recent times. [footnote omitted] His ritual role is illustrated by the important leu, (see le u) `sacred heirlooms', which were preserved in Miomaffo, the north-eastern part of the old Sonbai realm. ... (Van Geuns 1927: 466--7)

See Vaikenu ↩